Do I Have Military Obligations if I Apply for Italian Citizenship?

All you need to know about Military Service in Italy

Many individuals who apply for Italian citizenship—whether by descent, marriage, or naturalization—ask: “Do I have to fulfill military service if I become an Italian citizen?” The short answer is no, but let’s explore the full context to give you peace of mind.

1. Conscription in Italy: A thing of the past

Italy officially abolished compulsory military service decades ago:

• A law passed on May 8, 2001 (Art. 7 of D. Lgs. 8 maggio 2001 n. 215) shifted military service to a completely voluntary model starting January 1, 2007.
• More precisely, mandatory conscription ended on January 1, 2005, when Italy transitioned to a professional volunteer military.

2. What does this mean for new citizens—especially dual citizens?

• Military service is not required for those who acquire Italian citizenship, regardless of whether it’s by descent or naturalization.
• This applies equally to dual citizens, who are not obligated to serve simply by virtue of gaining Italian citizenship.
• Clarifications commonly note that there are no military obligations at all for dual citizens, regardless of age or gender.

3. Legal and constitutional framework

• Italy’s Constitution declares that defense of the homeland is a “sacred duty” (Article 52), but it emphasizes that national service is performed “within the limits and in the manner set by law”—allowing flexible reforms like the move to an all-volunteer force.
• No regional or special obligation is triggered simply by holding dual citizenship.

4. What if conscription is reinstated?

• While in theory conscription could be reintroduced in cases of war or national emergency (per the Constitution), any obligations would most likely apply to residents living in Italy.
• As things stand, there are no practical implications for non-resident citizens.

Final thoughts

If you’re applying—or planning to apply—for Italian citizenship, you can rest assured: you are not required to serve in the military. Conscription has been abolished, and volunteer service remains entirely optional.